Practical compliance guides

Audit · 13 min read

Stock Audit in India 2026: Complete Guide for Businesses and Borrowers

A manufacturing unit in Chakan, Pune discovered Rs 18 lakh of unrecorded scrap during a stock audit commissioned by their banker. The scrap...

CACA Sundaram Gupta · Apr 7

Payroll & HR · 14 min read

EPF Withdrawal and Transfer: UAN Activation, Form 19, Form 10C Guide for Employees

An employee who resigned from a 4-year job in November 2025 tried to withdraw his PF balance of Rs 3.8 lakh online. The claim was rejected t...

CACA Sundaram Gupta · Apr 7

Payroll & HR · 12 min read

Payslip Under Labour Code 2025: What Must Be Shown and How to Issue Digitally

An employee at a 50-person services company in Hyderabad discovered that his payslip showed a single line item - "Salary: Rs 45,000" - with...

CACA Sundaram Gupta · Apr 7

Payroll & HR · 11 min read

10 Common Payroll Mistakes Indian Employers Make and How to Avoid Them

A Ministry of Labour & Employment report found that 67% of labour violations at registered Indian establishments involve incorrect wage...

CACA Sundaram Gupta · Apr 7

Audit · 12 min read

ABC Analysis in Stock Audit: How to Focus on High-Value Inventory First

A stock auditor at an auto-component manufacturer in Chakan, Pune was given 2 days to verify inventory worth Rs 8 crore across 1,200 SKUs. W...

CACA Sundaram Gupta · Apr 7

Audit · 14 min read

Stock Audit Sampling Methods: How Auditors Select Items Without Counting Everything

A borrower in Chakan questioned the stock auditor: "You only counted 180 items out of 2,400 SKUs in our warehouse. How can you say the stock...

CACA Sundaram Gupta · Apr 7

Accounting & Bookkeeping · 14 min read

Slow-Moving, Dead and Obsolete Stock: Accounting Treatment and Write-Off Rules in India

A pharma company in MIDC Bhosari, Pune discovered 42 batches of raw material past their expiry date during a stock audit - still carried on...

CACA Puja Pradhan · Apr 7

GST · 14 min read

GST Stock Reconciliation: How to Match Physical Inventory with GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B

A GST departmental audit at a building materials trader in Ahmedabad found physical stock worth Rs 28 lakh more than what the stock register...

CACA Sundaram Gupta · Apr 7

Accounting & Bookkeeping · 15 min read

Ind AS 2 vs ICDS-II: How Inventory Must Be Valued for Financial Reporting and Tax

A manufacturing company in Pune reported closing stock of Rs 4.2 crore in its audited financial statements (valued under Ind AS 2). When the...

CACA Puja Pradhan · Apr 7

Audit · 16 min read

CARO 2020 and Inventory: What Statutory Auditors Must Verify and Report

A statutory auditor of a mid-size auto component manufacturer in Pune faced a reporting dilemma during the FY 2025-26 audit. The company had...

CACA Puja Pradhan · Apr 7

Audit · 14 min read

Common Deficiencies Found in Bank Stock Audits and How Businesses Can Fix Them

A CA conducting a bank stock audit at a textile unit in Surat found 7 separate deficiencies in a single audit: Rs 12 lakh of unrecorded scra...

CACA Puja Pradhan · Apr 7

Audit · 14 min read

Stock Audit Report Format for Banks: Mandatory Components Under RBI Guidelines

A bank's credit officer in Mumbai rejected a stock audit report submitted by a CA firm because it contained only a physical count summary an...

CACA Puja Pradhan · Apr 7