An assessment order doesn't just determine your tax liability. It also triggers a demand notice under Section 156, giving you just 30 days to pay. Miss that window, and the department can attach your bank accounts, seize assets, and even initiate prosecution. But what if you've filed an appeal and genuinely believe the demand is wrong? That's where a stay of tax demand becomes critical. It pauses recovery proceedings while your appeal is pending, preventing financial disruption during a legal dispute you haven't yet lost. This guide covers how demand stay applications work, who can grant them, and what you need to do to protect yourself from aggressive tax recovery proceedings.
What Happens After a Demand Notice is Issued
When the Assessing Officer (AO) passes an assessment or penalty order, a demand notice under Section 156 follows, giving you 30 days to pay. If you don't pay within this period, Section 220(2) charges simple interest at 1% per month on the outstanding amount. Beyond interest, the department can declare you an "assessee in default" and initiate coercive recovery under Sections 222 to 232, including attachment of bank accounts under Section 226(3), seizure of property, and even arrest in extreme cases.
One point many taxpayers miss: merely filing an appeal does not automatically stay the demand. The tax remains payable unless you actively obtain a stay order. CBDT Instruction No. 1914 makes this explicit. Filing your income tax return correctly strengthens your position when seeking relief, but you must act proactively to pause recovery.
Filing a Demand Stay Application Under Section 220(6)
Section 220(6) is the primary provision for requesting an income tax recovery stay. It gives the AO discretionary power to treat you as not in default while your appeal is pending. Submit a written application to your jurisdictional AO before the payment deadline, outlining your appeal grounds, explaining why the demand is disputed, and describing any financial hardship that enforcement would cause.
The CBDT's Office Memorandum dated 31 July 2017 prescribes that the AO should generally grant stay if the assessee pays 20% of the disputed demand. However, this isn't rigid. The Delhi High Court in NASSCOM v. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax held that the 20% pre-deposit is discretionary. If your case has strong merits or the demand is disproportionately high, the AO can grant stay with a lower deposit or no deposit at all.
The AO must pass a speaking order on your application. Courts have repeatedly held that the discretion under Section 220(6) is coupled with a duty, and mechanical insistence on 20% payment without evaluating case merits is legally unsustainable.
Other Authorities Who Can Grant Stay
If the AO rejects your application, the Commissioner of Income Tax (CIT) can stay the demand under supervisory powers. The CIT(Appeals) also possesses inherent power to stay recovery while hearing your appeal, as upheld in CIT v. Duncan Stratton & Co. Ltd. Proper accounting documentation supporting your appeal grounds significantly strengthens the stay petition.
When the matter reaches the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Section 254(2A) read with Rule 35A governs stay applications. The Tribunal can grant stay for up to 365 days. As a last resort, you can approach the High Court through a writ petition under Article 226, particularly where demands are high-pitched or the AO refused to exercise discretion properly.
Factors That Strengthen Your Stay Application
Tax authorities and courts consider several factors when deciding stay applications. Understanding these can help you build a persuasive case.
A strong prima facie case on merits is the most important factor. If additions are based on contested legal interpretations or settled positions in your favour, your chances improve significantly. Reference case laws from your jurisdictional High Court or the Supreme Court.
Financial hardship from enforcing the demand is another critical consideration. If paying the disputed amount would cripple operations, affect employee salaries, or force liquidation of essential assets, document this clearly with financial statements and cash flow projections.
Your compliance history matters too. Being a regular tax filer with clean TDS records and timely advance tax payments weighs in your favour. Additionally, CBDT Instruction No. 96 specifically addressed high-pitched assessments where assessed income is twice the returned amount or more, directing that disputed tax collection be held in abeyance until the first appeal is decided.
What to Do If Recovery Proceedings Have Already Started
If your bank account has been attached under Section 226(3) or property seizure notices have been issued, act immediately. File an urgent stay application with the AO referencing your pending appeal, and simultaneously approach CIT or CIT(A) with a stay petition. If these channels don't yield quick results, a writ petition before the High Court may be necessary. Courts have set aside garnishee orders where the AO hadn't considered the taxpayer's stay application. Working with an experienced firm like Patron Accounting ensures your application is filed promptly with proper legal backing.
Conclusion
A disputed tax demand doesn't have to drain your resources while your appeal is pending. The law provides multiple avenues for obtaining a stay of tax demand, from Section 220(6) applications to stay petitions before CIT(A), ITAT, and the High Court. Act swiftly, build a strong prima facie case, and document financial hardship thoroughly.
File your stay application alongside your appeal, support it with proper documentation, and escalate if needed. For expert assistance with demand stay applications and tax recovery proceedings, Patron Accounting brings the experience needed to protect your interests effectively.
