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Construction and Real Estate Accounting Services in India

Project-wise cost tracking systems

RERA compliance and financial reporting

RERA compliance and financial reporting

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Construction and Real Estate Accounting Services in India

India's construction and real estate sectors encompass a wide range of residential and commercial developments, infrastructure contractors, property management businesses, and real estate investment firms. Because there are different types of developers, infrastructure contractors, property managers, and investment firms, they each have specific accounting issues related to long-term construction accounting, customer advances under the RERA requirement to maintain an escrow account for customers, significant GST implications, and the recognition of revenue using a percentage-of-completion basis.

​Accounting professionals who provide accounting services to this industry can provide solutions to the special issues that construction and real estate companies deal with, such as tracking costs by job site, managing payments to contractors that include retention clauses, accounting for joint development agreements, recording land acquisition costs, and ensuring compliance with reporting requirements of the Real Estate Regulatory Authority. By utilising professional financial management services, developers can effectively manage their working capital, comply with relevant regulations, and present financial statements that are relevant for attracting project financing and maintaining future business growth.

What is Construction and Real Estate Accounting?

For property development, construction, and infrastructure businesses, the construction industry and real estate sector require individual accounting systems for tracking projects and allocating revenue. These businesses run large, long-term projects that often last between two and five years, and develop revenues accordingly; typically developed under International Accounting Standards 115.

​Tracking costs related to each project is extremely important within the industry. To correctly develop revenue from a project and for profitability analysis, separation of project assets and liabilities by project, along with accurate records of land costs, materials and labour costs, development fees paid to the city, retention and contractor payments, and common area costs, will give a proper basis for price determination on future phases. Therefore, each project represents a separate profit centre, and good practices in project accounting are essential to profitability for the business.

Trusted Process 100% Compliance

Applicability for Real State Accounting

Under the RERA (Real Estate Regulatory Authority) for both commercial and residential projects, developers need to have a special type of accounting for the management of their 70% escrow account, quarterly financial statements for each separate project, certification of costs by a chartered accountant, and fulfilment of any mandatory audits from authorities to ensure the use of funds is transparent and customers are protected.

Under the RERA (Real Estate Regulatory Authority) for both commercial and residential projects, developers need to have a special type of accounting for the management of their 70% escrow account, quarterly financial statements for each separate project, certification of costs by a chartered accountant, and fulfilment of any mandatory audits from authorities to ensure the use of funds is transparent and customers are protected.

01

Project-Wise Cost Accounting

It tracks all of the expenses associated with construction on a per-project and per-phase basis, including land, materials, labour, contractor payments and development costs, which allows for determining project-level profitability, and assists with establishing prices for inventory units.

02

RERA Compliance Management

It manages all of the requirements set by RERA, including Escrow account management (70%), quarterly Financial Statement preparation, Project Cost Certification, Utilisation of Funds Report and coordination with Chartered Accountants and Engineers for mandatory certifications.

03

Revenue Recognition Services

The percentage-of-completion technique employs an expert application that relies upon cost incurred to date, square feet developed, or milestones achieved in relation to the project for each customer. In addition, we track customer advances, record revenues from incomplete projects as deferred and match all revenues appropriately against the cost of construction.

04

GST Compliance for Real Estate

The specialised treatment of sales occurring during the construction period of twelve per cent GST, one per cent TCS reconciliation, input tax credit optimisation, Affordable Housing Rate Verification, and Transition Accounting for all GST projects will be carefully handled in accordance with current legislation and will ensure that all projects remain compliant during the implementation of GST.

Our Process

Procedure Steps for Construction and Real Estate Accounting

STEP 1

Project Structure Setup

For every project and phase, ensure that they have a distinct Profit Centre with a separate Accounting Code. Establish how Land Acquisitions Costs are tracked, how Construction Costs are categorised, how Overheads are allocated, and how Revenue Recognition will occur when using the Percentage Of Completion Approach according to Ind AS 115.

Project Structure Setup 1
STEP 2

RERA Compliance Framework

Set up Escrow Accounts at Banks to be used as 70% of the amount required by the RERA for each Registered Project. Develop procedures for making withdrawals from the Escrow Accounts based on Proof of Expenditure on projects.

RERA Compliance Framework 2
STEP 3

Customer Advance Management

All deposits received from clients (prepayment/ Down payments) and installment receipts received for a specific unit or project must be recorded. Identify those amounts within the 70% required to be deposited into escrow. Post to the payment schedule based on the buyer's agreement. Additionally, track and defer revenue as per revenue deferral criteria until earned.

Customer Advance Management 3
STEP 4

Construction Cost Recording

Record all project expenses, including land acquisition (land), infrastructure expenses related to site development (development), material expenses for building projects, contractor fees related to construction labour, and fees charged by municipalities or other authorities in connection with building projects and allocate all expenses for these three project categories into the appropriate project code.

Construction Cost Recording 4
STEP 5

Revenue Recognition Calculation

Determine percentage of completion using the total project costs and/or milestones achieved; recognise revenue based on the percentage of completion, adjusting for any previously issued bills; and prepare detailed calculation sheets to support the financial statements.

Revenue Recognition Calculation 5
STEP 6

GST Compliance Processing

Process sales invoices for properties under construction that include the addition of 12% GST; track 1% Tax Collected At Source (TCS) deducted at the time of sale by customers; apply for Input Tax Credit for all eligible expenses incurred in relation to the construction; review the qualification criteria for eligible affordable housing projects as well as file GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B returns monthly.

GST Compliance Processing 6

Checklist for Construction and Real Estate Accounting

Required Documents

  • Project‑wise list with status, RERA details, and key approvals.
  • BOQ and approved budget for each site, with latest revisions.
  • Major contracts: land/JDA, subcontractors, suppliers, and customer agreements with payment terms.
  • Site‑wise material and labour records, including GRNs, issue slips, and wage registers.
  • Updated WIP schedule with certified work, retention, and advances.
  • GST and TDS workings with recent returns and reconciliations.
  • Bank and loan statements for project and escrow accounts.
  • Fixed asset register and last audited financial statements

Challenges & Solutions

Common challenge in construction & real estate accountingPatron Accounting solution
Difficulty tracking project‑wise costs across multiple sites and contractorsImplement job‑costing systems with site‑wise ledgers, BOQ‑linked budgets, and periodic variance reports to monitor materials, labour, equipment, and subcontractor expenses for each project. 
Complex revenue recognition for long‑term projects and unit sales under Ind AS and tax rulesDesign robust WIP and percentage‑of‑completion models, align with Ind AS 115 and income‑tax guidance, and document assumptions so revenue, margins, and taxes are recognized correctly.​
Cash flow strain due to uneven customer collections, bank disbursements, and vendor paymentsPrepare rolling cash‑flow forecasts project‑wise, track milestones vs collections, and prioritize payments using ageing analysis of receivables, payables, and loan schedules. 
GST, RCM, and TDS non‑compliance on works contracts, JDAs, and land dealsMap each transaction to correct GST and TDS sections, maintain invoice‑wise ITC registers, and reconcile GSTR‑1/3B/2B and TDS returns with books to stay compliant and ready for audits. 
Limited visibility into profitability by project, tower, or phaseBuild management MIS that presents project/tower‑wise P&L, WIP position, cost to complete, and ROI, enabling timely decisions on pricing, phasing, and new project feasibility. 

Benefits of Accounting Services for Construction and Real Estate Industry

Project Profitability Visibility

Project Profitability Visibility

Project-by-phase, accurate profit tracking for all components of a project, including land costs, construction expenses, revenue recognition, and margins. Provides the ability to use data to make pricing decisions on unsold inventory and to perform feasibility analysis on future projects, helping organisations in their strategic planning.
Accurate Revenue Recognition

Accurate Revenue Recognition

Project-by-phase, accurate profit tracking for all components of a project, including land costs, construction expenses, revenue recognition, and margins. Provides the ability to use data to make pricing decisions on unsold inventory and to perform feasibility analysis on future projects, helping organisations in their strategic planning.
Working Capital Optimisation

Working Capital Optimisation

Maximum input tax credit claims from construction expenses, correct twelve per cent tax application on under-construction sales, systematic one per cent TCS reconciliation, and affordable housing benefit utilisation where applicable, reducing tax costs.

Why Choose Patron Accounting for Construction and Real Estate Services

The process of accounting for businesses engaged in construction and real estate involves intricate areas such as percentage-of-completion revenue recognition, RERA compliance management, project-wise cost tracking, and GST optimization which are specific to property development. Patron Accounting brings forth an all-inclusive financial solution that is well-suited for residential and commercial developers, infrastructure contractors, and real estate circles.

​Taking our services means that Ind AS standards will be correctly followed for revenue recognition, RERA regulations will be thoroughly complied with through quarterly reporting and certifications, detailed project profitability analysis will be done, and transparent stakeholder reporting will be provided. Relying on Patron Accounting for your financial operations means that you will be able to concentrate on project execution, sales, and business expansion, while the compliance with regulations, the confidence of investors, and the transparency of finances that support the sustainable growth in India's lively real estate market will all be the outcomes of your financial operations being managed by Patron Accounting.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Have a look at the answers to the most asked questions.

FAQ Illustration

Unlike many other countries, Construction and Real Estate Accounting in India uses Project-Based accounting where revenue is recognised based on long-term contract milestones, retention funds and Land/Development Rights. Revenue and costs must be tracked separately for each project/tower via the appropriate Indian Accounting Standards (IND AS) and Income Tax Rules.

Revenue is typically recognised based on a percentage-of-completion method using the latest cost incurred, certified work completed and achieved milestones. This is governed by IND AS 115 and Income Tax regulations. Poor estimated accuracy can result in inflated profits or incorrect taxes, a robust Work-In-Progress (WIP) and cost tracking process is necessary to assist in determining accurate revenue recognition.

Job costing provides an accurate allocation of materials, labour, equipment, sub-contractor charges and overhead to ensure a true measure of project profitability, comparisons to Budget vs Actual expenditures, control of cost overruns and developing realistic bids for potential future work/redevelopment opportunities.

The specialised construction accounting method supports proper treatment of GST for contractors, TDS on contractors; keeps labour law payroll records and Ind Subscriber Companies Act disclosures; provides detailed WIP, contract, and supplier documentation to adequately defend against tax assessments, RERA review and statutory/bank audits.

Yes, numerous contractors, who are small/mid-sized, are utilising the services of sector specialists for bookkeeping, WIP reports, payroll processing/record-keeping, and compliance management to provide standard processes, software and professional examination while permitting their internal staff to continue with project execution, outsource vendor management and provide project delivery.
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